napier grass production per acre

The estimated yield loss due to smut disease ranges from 26 to 46%. Plantation of Napier grass is done at an angle of 30 from the ground. If you don't have parental land then it cost higher than expected, but if you have already then it cost you very little in a year. Edited by LE Moser, BL Burson, and LE Sollenberger. Napier grass is one of the important perennial tropical forage crop belong to family Poaceae. Cuttings Style. 2009 demonstrated the importance of yield on breakeven prices for switchgrass produced on four differing soil types in Tennessee with breakeven prices ranging from $46Mg1 (17.7Mgha1 yield) to $69Mg1 (8.5Mgha1 yield) concluding that breakeven prices were influenced by yield, N price, and fuel prices [19]. Depending up on the soil, water, and method of agriculture harvest may be done depending upon the maturity and yield accordingly. Its like similar to the working of in a pr, The thing that bothers beginners of the Dairy farming business is the selection of high milk-producing cattle. After 80 days, after the first harvest, the weed can be take if necessary. For non-irrigated practices, the required breakeven price for peanuts was not reached during the 5-year period and twice during the 10-year period (Table 6). In an existing cropping system, a portion of depreciation on existing equipment could be paid out whereas equipment required for a new crop alternative would have to be purchased and fully depreciated. It is also important to understand the returns relative to traditional crops and cropping systems for varying crop prices. The Napier grass has a very high production of biomass. USDA Natl. Quick stats data base. Understanding the costs and the potential economic returns to bioenergy alternatives are prerequisite components to adoption. Poultry farming investment for 5000 chicken farm Before getting the method and idea of poultry farming, let's understand initial investment to start a poultry farm. The USDA-ARS WholeFarm planning system was utilized to calculate net returns and breakeven yields and prices. Applications of expert systems in peanut production. Calculating breakeven yields, prices, and cross commodity prices in annual crops is straightforward. Irrigation in the napier grass was applied to reach a minimum of 2.54cm per week in the 100% rate and 1.27 at the 50% rate. The two irrigation levels were included in the study to better understand napier grass yield, quality, and economic response to irrigation rate. During Napier grass cultivation, organic composting is very helpful and saves your money to buy fertilizers from the market. The results provide the breakeven price points relative to recent historical prices required for consideration of napier grass compared to traditional rotations. A study conducted in South Florida on mineral soil focused on the breakeven price of ethanol for ranges of biomass yields and processing costs concluding energy cane production could offer an economically feasible bioenergy feedstock [5]. Yield per acre. Hence crop protection is not necessary. Data on production costs of napier grass, sugarcane, or energycane in the coastal plain region of Georgia are not available. Head smut was reported first in 1910 from Napier grass specimen collected from Cameroon. Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing. Plots were 15.2M and harvested using a 2-row pull type peanut thresher with a bagging attachment. It was introduced to America and Australia in the 1800's. Through Australia, many species were later introduced in Asia and the south Pacific region. Number of Stems required to grow super napier crop is 10, 000 to 12,000 stems for an acre. Super Napier grass even can recover the 30 to 40% amount of less dry fodder. The disease need more attention since there is risk of spreading to other African countries. When we talk about Hydroponic farming, we can relate it with eco-friendly methods of agriculture. Yields 180 to 200 tonnes per acre per annum. Every cutting must fix at a 45 to 55-degree angle. We assume that the crop mix is equally balanced with peanut, cotton, and corn for comparison with napier grass. Daily soil water potential at 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6m is entered in the program. This study investigates the Napier grass and cattle slurry-based biogas production application that could be applied more cost-effectively more sustainable production biogas. et al. In Thumbzika method of the plantation, again there are two types. Bioenerg. An alternative method to address this is to estimate the price change for peanuts, cotton, and corn that would be required for equal returns of the peanut, cotton, corn production system to napier grass. Napier grass is ready for harvesting 3-4 months after planting and harvesting can continue at an interval of 6-8 weeks for 3 5 years. Essentially, all US sugarcane is produced in Florida, Louisiana, and Texas totaling 26.9 million metric tons in 2012. agrotec., 34 (5): 1219-1222: Touvin, H, 1989. Required fields are marked *. Growing up to a high height (400 - 500 cm). The 100% irrigation level provided a 29% increase in yield over the non-irrigated treatment (8238kgha1) and 27% yield increase resulted for the 50% irrigation rate compared to the non-irrigated (5957kgha1). The Napier grass which is harvested should be chopped to decrease the wastage at the time of animal feeding. Producers would have to consider their specific crop rotation sequences, productivity, and future price expectations. Cut a mature stem of Napier grass. Yields are highest at the 100% irrigation level. There is no need to weed after that. Univ. Pattee and H.T. Poultry farm business plan 2022 In an integrated farming system poultry farming is one of the major parts of the business model, which is helpful to solve problems of farmers. It is a tall, stout and deep-rooted perennial bunch grass . It grows in all kinds of soil. Green fodder yield of 100 tonnes per year is obtained from one hectare. Knoll JE, Anderson WF, Strickland TC, Hubbard RK, Malik R (2012) Low-input production of biomass from perennial grasses in the coastal plain of Georgia, USA. Super Napier grows well in all types of water. If you are trying to plant slips, there is no need to wait for more time for the grass to grow. Since napier grass is more competitive in a non-irrigated regime, it is most likely that producers will consider this option especially in periods of reduced crop prices or higher prices for bioenergy feedstocks. In the Dairy farming business, super Napier grass is a major factor in the success of the business. Next subsequent harvesting is done on the gap of 45 to 50 days each. Although Napier grass grows for the whole year, all seasons but they get affected by rapid change of seasons. Because its fragrance on the surface of the leaves hesitates cattle to eat the fodders. The soils which are light loamy and sandy are most preferred and heavy soils are not much encouraged for the growth of Napier grass. BEST WAY TO ORGANIC FARMER. Super Napier grass is a highly nutritious forage crop in many parts of the world. Agric. In the non-irrigated regime, the minimum prices for peanuts, cotton, and corn would be $415.50Mg1, $1.61kg1, and $336.14Mg1. A 32 factorial design was also included for Nitrogen and Potassium fertilizer. Data required for Irrigator Pro includes soil type, planting date, daily rainfall and irrigation amounts, and growth stage. Super Napier grass is good for goats, even for the bigger cattle. Besides other green fodders like Berseem, Super Napier grass is one of the most productive and healthy green fodder for animals, especially for dairy farming animals. In this research, all plots were planted in the same year (CY 2010) and the planting costs distributed across harvested years. The decision criteria for adoption of napier grass (or any crop enterprise) into existing cropping systems will depend on comparative profitability and risks. 2011. Make sure that the shoots are left open to air. Just beside horns, Gir cow ears rest downwards. Salassi et al. By all means, yes! Agronomic and economic effect of irrigation rate in cotton. Advantages of Napier Grass: Don't cut the fully grown plants directly on the level of the surface at the time of harvesting. Irrigator Pro for corn and cotton uses estimated daily crop water use in accordance with established base values within various growth stages. As one would expect, dry matter yield per cut of King Napier grass ( Table 2) increased with increasing intervals between harvests, from 1,779 kg DM/ha/cut at 30 day interval to 4,683 kg DM/ha/cut . Soc. The remaining 50 percent of the nitrogen should be applied on the 30th day of planting. Sita: Brachiaria grass is a tropical forage that is native to Africa. Irrigation and nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were removed from the cost estimates and replaced by actual amounts used in the study. After each harvest, 30 kg of nitrogen (65 kg of urea) will be given higher yield. Corn was planted at 6.5 seeds m1. Her horns are quite curved upwards. Napier grass did not compete economically against traditional irrigated cropping systems. Napier grass can grow in a large variety of soils. There should be a gap of at least 15 cm at the top of every pit. It is better to get at least a practical idea to start a hydroponic farming business. However, the grass yield at the cutting intervals of 30, 45, 60 and 90 days was 16.88, 37.50, 62.50 and 81.25 tons dry weight/hectare/year, respectively. As a result, significantly less irrigation was applied in 2013 for all crops. The amount of protein is reduced.when cultivated in sand. Look for stems that have at least three nodes, which are small bumps that will eventually grow into new leaves. It is also called Uganda grass or elephant grass. CAS Disease mainly spreads through wind and plant materials. 8 harvests per annum. Let's understand the performance and all the important points of HF cow and its milk. Protoplast production from napier grass and pearl millet triploid hybrids. Co.CN4 is a recent hybrid Napier grass released by TNAU, Coimbatore, which is a cross between Cumbu Co.8 and Napier grass F.T.461. Lamb, M.C., Anderson, W.F., Strickland, T.C. The main reason is the significant cost of N at the application rates used in this study. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-018-9916-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-018-9916-1. Peanuts were dug and inverted using a 2-row inverter and allowed to cure in the field to approximately 18% moisture content. This is done so that the sprouting of grass will be done rapidly in order to cover the ground. per oven-dry metric ton (ODMT) and $51-$57 perODMT, respectively than that of energy cane. 2014. Organic Farming : Myths and Facts Read or Miss Out, Farming System: Definition And Types Of Farming System, Insight On Cultivation Of Rice: From Sowing To Harvesting. The middle row of each plot was harvested to obtain plot yield and samples for post-harvest quality evaluation starting in 2011. Because of the irrigation water, some spontaneous plants and useless grass can grow with Super Napier grass. All the growth stimulants that provide natural methods of pest and natural nutrients should be through the leaf for 15 days before harvest. In cotton the required breakeven price was not reached during the 5-year period and was reached only two times during the 10-year price period. Napier grass cannot survive in the lands which are waterlogged and prone to floods. Each and every seedling has to be separated from the clump. Now, the plantation has to be done along the contour line in order to control soil erosion. Breakeven prices (cost per acre divided by yield) provide the prices at which production costs are covered for the given yield. Grazing should not be done directly to the animals. However, estimates of napier grass yields and cost of production coupled with complete return analysis for peanut, corn, and cotton allow estimation of the price required for napier grass to equal profitability to other crops and the peanut, cotton, corn cropping system. It is suitable for cultivation throughout the year. In this article I will guide you on complete details about Napier grass cultivation. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The breakeven prices in the 100 and 50% irrigation levels were basically the same at approximately $69 and $90 per ton for variable and total cost (Table 5). Williams, and M. Singletary. Peanuts contributed the highest influence to net returns followed by cotton and lastly corn within the cropping system [21]. Super Napier grass seeds price. Green fodder yield of 17- 180 tonnes /ha per year in 8 cuts can be obtained. Head turns into smut. Nitrogen and potassium costs were $1.10 and $0.75 per kilogram, respectively. 2014 showed a range of $88 to $101Mg1 with land rent included over five energy cane varieties and crop cycle lengths. The entire stem should be planted at the time of heavy rainfall and in the areas which are hilly. The average price of Super Napier grass per kg is $0.75. Cross commodity breakeven prices are also calculated within WholeFarm [16]. Following 90 days to reach maturity, farmers get 20 tonnes per acre when wet, or 10 tonnes of dry matter. Investment in 1000 Super napier grass plants. Two dairy cows can feed on the Napier grass cultivated in an acre of land in a year. Stem cuttings (3 nodes lengths) were placed in a sand and soil mix during the fall of 2009. Since no prices are established for napier grass, the breakeven prices for peanut, cotton, and corn were calculated individual and as a cropping system to address napier grass competitiveness. At recent prices and yields for napier grass, peanut, cotton, and corn observed in this 5-year study, napier grass will not compete economically against traditional irrigated cropping systems. It has high 400 to 450 leaves/pitch.It has high 400 to 450 leaves/pitch. Analysis of variance showed that irrigation level had a significant effect on partial net returns (P=0.0498). Producers should also consider the implications of the multi-year commitment of perennial crop production relative to the flexibility of altering annual cropping sequences as factors influencing net returns change. At variable production cost, comparative breakeven napier grass prices for non-irrigated, 50% irrigated, and full irrigated regimes were $77, $117, and $112Mg1, respectively. A producer should not consider a crop if the price received is not sufficient to cover variable cost because out of pocket expenses are not covered (Table 1). Description. Napier grass was found to be more economically competitive with the peanut, cotton, corn cropping system in non-irrigated production than in irrigated production. Moreover, for the production of Napier grass, less water and nutrients are required. As long as there is continuous chemical use, decreases life expectancy and decreases yield and protein levels. Directly estimating the farm level returns of napier grass as a bioenergy feedstock is limited by the absence of price data for dry matter napier grass. Yield range is between 380-400 tons/ha. Every seedling should have root and shoot. For napier grass to compete at the 100% irrigation level, the price ($ Mg1) would have to be $112.11 for variable cost and $116.11 for total cost (Table 5). Focusing on variable costs only is a more direct and comparable approach when evaluating inclusion of a new crop alternative into an existing cropping system. Napier grass was produced in non-irrigated and irrigated environments with 3 irrigation rates (0, 1.1, and 2. cm irrigation week1). In the sowing process, every cutting pinch deep inside the soil and just the upper part of the cutting opens towards the sky. A mixture of super Napier grass with dry fodder increases the immunity of animals. They sow as a plant to plant distance should be 2 feet and row to row distance should be 2 feet. United States is the number one country which holds the maximum number of poultry farms globally. La Agicu 53(4):1011, Salassi ME, Brown K, Hilbun BM, Deliberto MA, Gravois KA, Mark TB, Falconer LL (2014) Farm-scale cost of producing perennial energy cane as a biofuel feedstock. Allocation of land and resources will occur only if the returns are equal to or above the returns of existing cropping systems. Table 5 Napier grass breakeven price at variable and total production cost per ton and napier grass . The 50% irrigation level provided net returns $145ha1 higher than the non-irrigated level. The buds of the cuttings should face up and should not be damaged. Don't use chemical or laboratory fertilizers in your fields, instead use organic compost. 80 to 100 Quintals from every batch; 400 to 700 quintals per year. It has the ability to withstand repeated cutting and will rapidly regenerate, producing palatable leafy shoots [ 4 ]. Cross commodity breakeven prices provide the prices change required such that the net returns between crops are equal. Stalker, (eds.). The breakeven napier grass price was estimated such that the net returns were equal between napier grass and peanut, cotton, corn cropping systems. Irrigated yield increases demonstrate the yield and economic importance of irrigation in coastal region of Georgia. The following will help you to get an idea of investment and setup cost(initial and per cycle) in hydroponic farming. . Napier grass also grows very well at an altitude of 1800 m to 2000m above the sea level. The propagation of Napier grass can be done easily. It is fast spreadin. It produces more tillers with soft and juicy stem, free from pest and diseases and non-lodging. Now, place the splits of the root in the holes of planting and cover the soil. 11, 574582 (2018). The results of the relative profitability of traditional cropping systems in irrigated and non-irrigated production environments parallel a Southeastern cropping system study focused on net returns of individual crops in irrigated and non-irrigated cropping system. At the 50% irrigation level, N rates of 168 and 336kgha1 rates increased yield compared to the 84kgha1N rate. We don't use soil in hydroponic farming. Combined fertilizer treatment yield effects in napier grass for N and K fertilizers were not significant and are removed from the statistical model for yield to achieve greater replication (Table 2). This method provides more intuitive price comparisons for these traditional crops because the markets are established and prices are consistently reported. Res. Bioenerg Res 7:609619, Article Co.CN4 is another hybrid Napier grass released by TNAU, Coimbatore, is a cross between Cumbu Co.8 and Napier grass F.T.461. Agron J 101(5):12341242, Balat M, Balat H (2009) Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel. WASTE DECOMPOSER! For the pits which are round, digging should be done at a depth of up to 60 centimetres and a width of 90 centimetres. Reduce the radius of the crops once every two to three years and maintain the size of the bar 3 * 2 feet. Peanut Sci 33:8592, USDA-ARS, National Peanut Research Laboratory, 1011 Forrester Dr., SE, Dawson, GA, 39842, USA, USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA, USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, 2316 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA, Timothy C. Strickland,Alisa W. Coffin&Oliva Pisani, You can also search for this author in Don't fill irrigation water more than 2 inches when the plant becomes 20 cm long. First of all, one of the major sections of Super Napier grass cultivation is the prepared land. Thus, production cost estimates were derived from two studies conducted in the Southeast USA which cost estimates for energy cane were adapted from previous research in sugarcane. Breakeven yields (defined as cost per acre divided by price) represent the minimum required yield to production cost at the assumed commodity price.
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