yoruba chieftaincy title names

Therefore, the central theme of the work reflects, culture, Nationalism and Patriotism of church members to the development of Oka-Akoko. Please visit often. Foremost Yoruba monarch, Oba AdeyeyeOgunwusi Ojaja II, the Ooni of Ife, led the royal train that included the Olofa of Offa, Oba Mufutau Gbadamoshi Esueoye II, the Olusin of Isanlu Isin, Oba Solomon Oloyede and the Olugbon of Orike-Igbon, Oba Francis Alao. Only the secret initiations for traditional chiefs of the highest rank are kept a secret from all outsiders. The list of names here, are 'oruko amutorunwa'. 3, 2013 ISSN: 0022-362X, Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Book: Obafemi Awolowo and the Making of Remo: The Local Politics of a Nigerian Nationalist, The historical development and challenges of Islam in Ila-Orangun, Nigeria, THE OGUNDA MEJI TEMPLE APATA, IBADAN, AS A MODEL FOR MODERN TRENDS IN YORUBA TRADITIONAL WORSHIP, THE OGBONI OF EGBALAND AND CONSTITUTIONAL CONTROVERSY, KNIGHTS OF A GLOBAL COUNTRYSIDE: THE BALOGUN INSTITUTION OF IJEBULAND, NIGERIA 1, Ijebu Odes Ojude Oba Festival: Cultural and Spiritual Significance, TRADITIONS AND CONTROVERSIES SURROUNDING THE EKITI SENIOR OBAS (1860-1960), How Worship Becomes Religion: Religious Change and Change in Religion in d and Salvador, Socio-cultural relation between Emure and Ise Ekiti, 1914 - 2014, Education and the Growth of Religious Associations among Yoruba Muslims: The Ansar-Ud-Deen Society of Nigeria, RETHINKING THE PROLIFERATION OF MUSLIM CHIEFTAINCY TITLES IN CONTEMPORARY YORUBALAND (SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA) FOR AN , THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAM IN EPE, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA, 1851-2010, CHRISTIANITY IN IBADAN (SOUTHWEST NIGERIA): ARRIVAL, GROWTH AND INFLUENCE, The Formation of Yoruba Nation and the Challenge of Leadership Since Pre-Colonial Era, SAMUEL JOHNSON ON THE EGYPTIAN ORIGIN OF THE YORUBA, REGBE-REGBE: MULTIDIMENSIONAL IMPACT OF CLOTH AND COLOUR IN OJUDE-OBA FESTIVAL, BRITISH COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION, DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAM AND ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN A NON-ILSAMIC SOCIETY: THE BENIN DIVISION (NIGERIA) EXPERIENCE, 1897-1960. Thank you for your visit and contribution, Mr. Akintunde Ojo. Thank you for your visit and contribution, Mr. ATERE GABRIEL DADA. These heads with a rank of chief perform traditional functions among the people that elect them. Fehintola. %PDF-1.5 % Elejiba of Ejiba land. 2012; IDMC 8 June 2012). Please insert. Oh yes! Traditional rule is commonplace with hierarchy that starts from the king then chiefs. 2012). 8 June 2012. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Oji ofo means the first son of a family. The Yorubas tried to regain the controll of Ilorin three different times but failed, but still, it remains part of Yorubaland. Alaafin of Oyo Ooni of Ife Alake of Egba Olubadan of Ibadan Awujale of Ijebu-Ode endstream endobj startxref This is wonderful. This article examines the cultural and spiritual significance of the Ojude Oba festival. This is very enlightening. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. We love this. Christianity, Islam, Western-oriented education, coloured individuals, abolition of some indigenous cultural rites, and associated dynamics of the colonial economy are the principal factors concluded by the paper, to be at the heart of the continuity and changes, observable in the Balogun institution during the colonial and post-independence periods in Ijebuland. Kindly do check back. He said that a person who refuses a chieftaincy title could face challenges, threats, discrimination and danger from family, government authorities, community, or other societal actors (ibid. It will be corrected. Thank you for contributing, Mr. Adewuyi Agbolade. Royal splendour, the rich Yoruba culture and Ghanaian hospitality were in full display in Accra, last weekend, as the Yoruba community in Ghana honoured some members of its race from Nigeria. Kings in Yorubaland, a region which is in the modern republics of Benin, Nigeria and Togo, make use of it as a pre-nominal Kindly do check back. It identifies the factors responsible for the changes: namely, militarism and patronage (in the nineteenth century), Western education, individual affluence, colonial and post-colonial state power (in the twentieth century). The stool is first class stool which rule 20 villages and town in IJumu. Kindly do check back. In some instance, some towns took new identities by severing relationship with their founding fathers due to their expansion and need to break the yoke of dominance as they became politically relevant. Onipe of Ipee LAND, Kwara State ( This is a very important Oba in Yoruba Land. The Impact Of Religion On The People Of Ile-oluji, Ondo State, Nigeria. The study on the impacts of Church on indigenous society seems to be dismissed. The episodic implications of all of these on the pre-colonial, colonial and post-independence socio-political and economic facets of Ijebuland constitute our tertiary objects here. 23 June 2011. Actually AFONJA ended up not physically warring against AOLE AROGANGAN (the briefly reigned ALAAFIN during Afonja days)Afonja was actually loyal to Oyo but was betrayed by Aole not once but twice. Vice President Bawumia acknowledged the contribution of Yoruba people to Ghanas socio-economic development. Please visit often to get the best of OldNaija. The wives of kings, princes and chiefs of royal background usually make use of the title "Olor" (the equivalent of Princess Consort), though some of the wives of dynastic rulers prefer to be referred to as "Ayaba" (the equivalent of Queen Consort). Kindly do check back. The list can be seen as incomplete base on the list released in 1931 and republished in 1987 by Tribune newspaper. He was also the conduit pipe that connected all the administrative agencies which assisted the Alaafin in the ruling of Oyo metropolis. Thank you, Chief Balogun. TRADITIONS AND CONTROVERSIES SURROUNDING THE EKITI SENIOR OBAS (1860-1960) The organization of various kingdoms and the arrangement of the major towns in relations to the subordinate towns constituted the basis of their traditional relevance in Yorubaland prior to British occupation. Olukotun of Ikotun-Ile, Elerin of Erin, Osolo of Osolo. 2) To become an ESO and move out to establish his own town. 2012). To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. It goes a long way. Kindly do check back. Olamide. 2012). We really appreciate this. 2012). 2012; Emeritus Professor 16 Apr. Thanks for your contribution, Mr. Makinwa Alfred. 2012). Aseyin of Iseyin Onipopo of Popo Onisabe of Sabe. Aka ji mba title is given to a philanthropic person. Dibe bekee: given to a traditionalist or native doctor. 17 Apr. Thank you so much for this enlightenment, Mr. Babalola Clement. This is so wonderful. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Such individuals are honored with the title Ebube Dike which translates to (Glorious hero) or he who brings prosperity to the community. This is because the appellation is given to a rich philanthropic individual. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Thanks so much for this good work. 0 Kindly check it out here: https://theafricanista.com/2016/07/06/blogger-recognition-award/. Yinka Aluko, former Commissioner for Information, Kwara State, Oloriewe Raheem Adedoyin, businessman, Mallam Mohammed Sidi, media chief, Mallam Nurudeen Abdulraheem and former Kwara State lawmaker, Hon. FESTIVALS IN THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF YORUBALAND: THE EGBEGUN FESTIVAL OF OMUOOKE EKITI IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE. Thank you, Mr. Amos. Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) has called for review of civil servants retirement age and years of service in the entire public service to 65. Amusan Oluseyi Adebimpe. Aka ji mba A popular Igbo Actor and Chief A popular Igbo Actor and Chief 1.Ome Lo Ra Most Rural towns and villages in eastern region lack basic amenities like water, electricity and good roads. This is awesome. Kindly help me with the titles of these kings Ilora and Iseyin. It really go a long way. Thanks for contributing, Mr. Adeniji Adeloye. Yoruba term, meaning rest the back on wealth. They are: ALAWE OF ILAWE ALARA OF ARAMOKO ONITAJI OF ITAJI OLOJUDO OF IDO ONIRE OF IRE OORE OF OTUN ELEMURE OF EMURE OLOGOTUN OF OGOTUN ARINJALE OF ISE ELEKOLE OF IKOLE. Kindly do check back. Saheed Aderinto, Where is the Boundary? 38 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<772A089735653409805E63D715C1B16E><4AF0F83351602745BCD44F31AACF8D3A>]/Index[21 32]/Info 20 0 R/Length 87/Prev 63171/Root 22 0 R/Size 53/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream 18 May 2012. Similarly, the Advocate and Development Planner indicated that in some communities, chieftaincy titles are given to "deserving persons outside royal families and lines of chiefs" (17 Apr. Some Yoruba chieftaincy titles are hereditary and others are bestowed upon individuals (Chief 25 Sept. 2012; Emeritus Professor 16 Apr. Examples are: n, g, j . Some Yoruba chieftaincy titles are hereditary and others are bestowed upon individuals (Chief 25 Sept. 2012; Emeritus Professor 16 Apr. 1. Kayode Ekundayo. The Chief added that if the title was hereditary, a "serious reason" would have been required to refuse the title or there would have been consequences which differed depending on the tribe (ibid.). Keep it up. salu of Edunabon, akirun of Ikirun, aragbiji of irsgbiji, oloba of OBA Oke, olumoro of Moro, ooni of IFE, oloogi of ogi, alayegun of odeomu, ogunsua of modakeke, apetu of ipetumodu, owaoye of imesiile, adimula of ifewara, olufon of ifon, owa of otanayegbaju, olona of ada, owaloko of ilokojesa, owa ooye of imesi ile, oragun of Oke Ila, owamiran of esaoke, agbowu of ogbaagba, owaloko of iloko ijesa, alawo of awo, obasgun of obaagun, aree of ire, oluresi of iresi, olunisa of inisa, elende of ekoende, onijabe of ijabe, alapomu of apomu, eburu of iba, oloyan of oyan, owalare of ilare, awara of iwara, oloore of ore, olola of ola, olobu of ilobu, elerin of erinosun, olu of ileogbo, akeji of ikejile, elegboro of ijebujesa, alademure of ibokun. A brief examination presupposes a trend of the historical development described Ekiti as unique in an aspect of its popular traditional beliefs attached to their solidarity and oneness from past generations. Youths make up 65% of Nigerian population with less than 25% in tertiary institutions. Thanks for contributing, Mr. Oladayo Gbemileke. When Onipe was about to leave Oyo town, the Alaafin decorated him with OPAGA (which qualifies him to keep Ilaris), EJIGBA and other royal insignias. Thank you for your contribution, your highness, Oba Williams Olusegun Ayeni. Kindly do visit again. Click here to mail us or click here to call us. Were glad you found OldNaija useful. Shina Abiola Peller, as well as one of the world's leading offshore production experts, Subsea. Thank you for your visit and wonderful contributions, Mr. Lawal Saubana Oke. Yorb names are traditionally classified into five categories: Orko mtrunw 'Destiny Names', ("names assumed to be brought from heaven" or derived from a religious background). This is a great contribution. This list may not reflect recent changes . THE Alaafin of Oyo, Oba Lamidi Adeyemi, weekend, said out of all Yoruba kings, he is the only monarch who reserves the exclusive rights to confer chieftaincy titles, that would cover Yorubaland . They are joined in the class of royal chiefs by the titled dynasts of their royal families. The royals are led by the obas, who sit at the apex of the hierarchy and serve as the fons honorum of the entire system. [1], The Yoruba chieftaincy system can be divided into four separate ranks: royal chiefs, noble chiefs, religious chiefs and common chiefs. Alepata Of Igboho, Onigboho Of Igboho, Ona Onibode Of Igboho, Onigbope Of Igbope, Iba Bonni Of Igboho All In Oorelope L.G.A Of Oyo State. We really appreciate your contribution. 10 Traditional Igbo Chieftaincy Titles and There Meaning Ikemba Ome Lo Ra Uba zuo Oke Ome ego Ochiri Ozuo Ebube Dike Oke Osisi Uba zuo oke Oji ofo 10. Easterners are hardworking and known to power small, medium and large enterprises. The Ghanaian President, Nana Akufo, represented by Vice President, Dr. Mahmoud Bawumia and the Nigerian Ambassador to Ghana, Mr. Femi Michael Abikoye, attended the ceremony, which held at the prestigious State House, Accra on Sunday January 18, 2020. This is highly educative and very important. They are joined in the class of royal chiefs by the titled dynasts of their royal families. In Yoruba land, apart from Oba which is the general name for a king, each king or traditional ruler has his own royal title which distinguishes him from other kings. The Yoruba are in the west, Hausa in North and Igbo people in southeastern region. This is great! This article investigates the changes in the local conception of elderhood and the deployment of the idiom of age in Ibadan. sir Iree kingship title is Aree of Iree not oniree. Your visit is highly appreciated. Thank you very much, Miss/Mrs Idebi Folagbade. Thanks for your comment, Mr. Aladeyelu Ademuagun. A series of these festivals called the Ojude Oba festival is celebrated by the Ijebus who are renowned for both their enterprise and affluence. Correspondence with the Research Directorate. The first generation towns of the Yoruba homeland, which encompasses large swathes of the said countries of Benin, Nigeria, and Togo, are those with obas who generally wear beaded crowns; the rulers of many of the 'second generation' settlements are also often obas. Moshood Mustapha, who bagged the title of Oluomo of . Among them is city businessman and former Nigerian lawmaker, Hon. Thank you Miss/Mrs. The coming of the British, nonetheless gave opportunities for official recognition of different categories of traditional rulers. Chieftaincy titles in the iagos society is that which is basically fashioned after what obtains in Yoruba-land since iagos is mainly a Yoruba community and as such their cultural "Making Sense of Religious Change in Postcolonial Africa: Conversion to Mormonism in Southeastern Nigeria," 17th Annual Africa Conference, University of Texas, Austin, March 31-April 2, 2017. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Onikoyi of Ikoyi-Ekiti, Asaba of Isaba-Ekiti,Olorin of Orin -Odo ekiti, Alasin of Asin-Ekiti, Elekole of Ikole Ekiti They are all in Ikole LG areaFROM FAGG. Word count: 498. 1.OKUBAKA OF OKA AKOKO S/W ONDO ST.2,OLUKARE OF IKARE AKOKO N/E ONDO ST. Anu ana-agba egbe ona akpa nri: this long title is given to a strong person who prevails despite attempts to hurt him by kinsmen. Agbana of Isanlu Land is one of Frist Class Oba.. in Yagba Land, since when they are in Old Kwara State. The work could also help researchers to easily reconstruct the history of African Church in another environment. It similarly links the retreat of martial functions in such offices as the Agbon and Lapoekun to the ascendancy of the Balogun institution. This Response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. In correspondence with the Research Directorate, an Advocate and Development Planner in Nigeria who is a senior lecturer in Ogun State, has authored 40 publications and whose research includes community governance (18 May 2012), stated that in communities where chieftaincy and kingship titles are hereditary, such as in Ile-Ife [Osun State] and Offa [Kwara State], "only children from the royal families are entitled to the title" (Advocate and Development Planner 17 Apr. Have a wonderful evening. In a telephone interview with the Research Directorate, a senior lecturer in African studies at the Department of African Studies and Anthropology at the University of Birmingham provided information pertaining to chieftaincy in the Yoruba-speaking areas of Kwara and Kogi State, and Yorubaland, which consists of the following states: Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Oyo, Osun and . Thank you for your visit and contribution, Mr. Olikenyo. The Ijo Orunmila Atorise, Ogunda Meji temple, which was founded by the late Chief Ifayemi Awopeju Bogunmbe, a prominent babalawo in Yorubaland, is an ultramodern Ifa Orisa worship centre, which incorporates a great deal of sophistication and civilisation in its operations and religious activities. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full credit is given to OldNaija which must include appropriate and specific backlink to the original content on our website. At the same time, the dissertation addresses the role Yoruba-inspired religion in Brazil has played in the formation of a traditional Yoruba religion, and brings this process of transition from forms of worship to religion to bear on the important discourse on authenticity in Salvador, Brazil, offering a new historical perspective on the tradition of syncretism with Roman Catholicism. Elekole of Ikole Ekiti, a prominent ba in Yorubaland, paramount ruler of Egbe-ba Kingdom. No we havent. The question of who are the Ogboni of Egbaland is one of the major controversial issues which in fact call for deliberation. You have a very beautiful name. By embracing viable models deducible for the modus operandi of the Ogunda Meji temple, Yoruba religion stands the chance of being catapulted from the state of a mere crude spirituality to a globally acclaimed world religion. Thanks for your contribution, Mr. Dehinde Olutimehin. Obaro of Kabba, Olu of Oiworo kingdom, Oluapata of Apata, Ologidi of Ogidi, Elegbe of Egbe, Bajana of Obajana, Olujumu of Ijumu kingdom, Olugbede of Gbede land, Alayere of Ayere, Elejiba of Ejiba, Elejuku of Ejuku, Owa of Jege, Obaro of Esi land, Ologbom of Ogbom, Ologbe of Ogbe, etc. "Church Bans Chieftaincy Titles, Wedding for Pregnant Women, Others." Kindly do check back. owa of igbajo, aringbajo of igbajojesa, onjo of okeho. To the Bini people, the word Oba can mean Shining object, a bright light or a red color. Education is a major challenge in rural areas of Nigeria. Please, visit again. Their business acumen have created many wealthy individuals in the east. The title is given to an individual who defends the Igbo race. ADA IS IN BORIPE NORTH LOCAL COUNCIL DEVELOPMENT AREA OF OSUN STATE, Olosi of Osi Ekiti, a firtst class oba in Ido-Osi local government of Ekiti state is missing in the list . Thank you for your contribution, Mr. Wasiu. Thanks so much for your priceless contribution, Mr. David Morakinyo. Please find below the list of sources consulted in researching this Information Request. We provide a research and learning environment for Nigerians at home and in the diaspora. This is because of the harsh environment in Nigeria and poverty rate. Hamzat Peregrino Brimah VIII, conferred chieftaincy titles on 14 honourees. The Oba should not be mistaken for the Ogiso dynasty whose name was derived from Ogie Iso which means It came from up/skye/heaven. The Yorb believe that previous bearers of a name have an impact on the influence of the name in a child's life. Abdulganiyu Olododo, Special Adviser to the Governor on Special Duties, Alh. We equally have the Oniwo of Iwo, Olowu of Owu-Isin, Olusin of Isanlu-Isin, Olusin of Ijara-Isin, Olusin of Iji-Isin, Oloba of Oba, Olu of Pamo, Olu of Kudu-Owode, Eledidi of Edidi, Olola of Ola, Eleku of Odo-Eku, all in Isin L.G.A. The y ba, meanwhile, bears the title "Alfin", which means One who possesses the palace) and the kings of individual Yoruba towns, such as that of w a town in Osun State who bears the title "Olw" (Ol ti w, lit. Thank you for contributing, Kawasaki. Kindly do check back, Olobu of ilobu Olufon of ifon Elerin of elerin, Olobu of ilobu Olufon of ifon Elerin of erin, Thanks for your contribution, Olamodder. His Royal Majesty, Oba of Yoruba in Ghana, Alh. Furthermore it tracks the subtle and largely unperceived shift in religious orientation towards more modern, closed, and reified conceptions of religion and the types of complications that arise as a result. Some notable members invest heavy in the community. "A Report by the House of Bishops on Discipleship Given by the Most Rev'd Dr. Friday John Imaekhai on Wednesday March 24, 2010 at the Standing Committee Meeting Holding in Abuja." [Accessed 20 Sept. 2012], The Punch [Lagos]. Kindly do visit again. For you to list all yorubas Obas without Alara of Aramoko kingdom and Ajero of Ijero kingdom, that means your list is not completed. 21 0 obj <> endobj Thanks for your contribution, Mr. Saleem. Sources indicate that Yoruba chiefs are selected based on the traditions of each community (Advocate and Development Planner 17 Apr. Yoruba Chieftaincy Title Selection. Full participatory observation of the temple services and activities were carried out in order to arrive at a detailed study. He emphasized that this "happens and can happen anywhere" (ibid. Fulani betrayed Afonja because Afonja allowed them free reign not factoring how backstabbing the Fulani can be. Traadition of Origin and Migration of Yoroba, Stories of Migration and State Formation in Yorubaland: A Re-assessment of Yoruba Myth and Legend of Creation, Contest, Conflict and the Crown in Ife Politics, 1952-2011, Chieftaincy and the State in Abacha's Nigeria: Kingship, Political Rivalry and Competing Histories in Abeokuta during the 1990s, A WILL IN THE WIND - BIOGRAPHY OF HIGH CHIEF DR. J.E. A Akarigbo of Remo Alaafin Alake of Egbaland (title) Alara of Ilara-Mokin E Eletu Odibo Erelu Kuti I yl'j M Moyegeso of Itele O Oba (ruler) Oba of Lagos Obaala Obalumo Ojomo Oluda Olofin Adimula Oodua the leading first class Oba in Oke-Ogun is ASEYIN OF ISEYIN LAND (OYO STATE) which is missing in this list. [Accessed 20 Sept. 2012]. Adamu Sabi. Point of correction ,ONJO OF OKEHO NOT OBA OF OKEHO. During any of the traditional investiture ceremonies for the chiefs-designate, the oba is regarded by the Yoruba as the major centre of attention, taking precedence over even the members of the official governments of any of the three countries if they are present. [Accessed 20 Sept. 2012]. In Igbo land patriarch hierarchy is reserved to the eldest male member of a family. WE ALSO HAVE (1) OWA OF IGBAJO (2) ONIRUN OF OKE IRUN (3) ELEJIGBO Or OGIYAN OF EJIGBO (All In Osun State) .4 AJORIWIN OF IRAWO (5). Space, Innovation of Vocational Technology Education, Engineering family is such a scientific field that has to work as a unit without progress and development suffers in any society. Thanks for your contribution, Mr. Ayodele Babatunde Stephen. Your contribution goes a long way. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies (IJIMS), The rise of western modernisation in Yorubaland has generated various reactions and effects owing to the challenge of reconciling modern precepts with the indigenous traditions that pre-existed amongst the natives. The chieftaincy titles of Ayedero and Atobase of Yoruba Land respectively were conferred on Politician, and businessman Hon Shina Abiola Peller, member of the Federal House of Representative . I rejoice with all the recipients, most especiallythat popular Nigerian politician, Moshood Mustapha, who has been honoured as the Oluomo of Yoruba in Ghana., He urged the new chiefs to continue thegood behaviour and generosity that earned you these titles. Thank you, Mrs Bukola Awobode. In contrast, the Advocate and Development Planner indicated that an individual who refuses a chieftaincy title because of the required rituals could be forced to accept the chieftaincy title by "chief makers" if the parents of the individual nominated him or her to succeed them before they died (17 Apr. Copyright notice: This document is published with the permission of the copyright holder and producer Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRB). The Advocate and Development Planner also explained that titles can also be awarded to people who give the community's traditional leaders money (17 Apr. In addition ONIKARE OF IKARE,OLOWO OF OWO, ALARA OF ARAMOKO, ONIGEDE OF IGEDE. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States. onikotun of ikotun,onijegun of ijegun,onigando of igando,ologudu of ogudu.Frm ayoola opeyemi frm ikotun. According to the Lagos-based Vanguard newspaper, a Christian diocese in Amichi banned its members from the Ozo chieftaincy title (23 June 2011). olubeshe of ibeshe, Ranadu of Imota Obateru of Egbin Alajede of Ijede. Tirimi of Ipinrindo Salu of Edunabon Eburu of Iba. In the past, the cap was worn Abeti-Aja style (meaning like dogs ears);. Religion is the strongest element in African culture and exerts great influence upon the conduct of the African people. Correspondence with the Research Directorate. Further information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. Cocoa Conflict, Land Tenure, and Politics in Western Nigeria, Journal of Social History 47, no.1 (2013), 176-195. all these from yoruba part of kogi state, Thanks for this wonderful contributions, Mr. Adekunle Babatunde.
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