Westcott-Hort New Testament Greek-English Interlinear with Strong's numbers. A reading combining two simple, alternative readings is later than the two readings comprising the conflation, and manuscripts rarely or never supporting conflate reading are text antecedent to mixture and are of special value. Had B (Vaticanus) and ALEPH (Sinaiticus) been copies of average purity, they must long since have shared the inevitable fate of books which are freely used and highly prized; namely, they would have fallen into decadence and disappeared from sight. They do not even agree with each other. Brooke Foss Westcott (1825-1901) and Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828-1892) produced a Greek New Testament in 1881 based on the findings of Tischendorf. Characteristics of the Alexandrian text are brevity and austerity. Brooke Foss Westcott (1825-1901), and Fenton J A Hort (1828-1892) were two renowned Anglican scholars at Cambridge University. Many planks of Darwins theories have been discredited, but Darwin and his theories are important because of their key, pivotal role in the field.Consider another quote, this one from Dr. Zane Hodges:MODERN TEXTUAL CRITICISM IS PSYCHOLOGICALLY ADDICTED TO WESTCOTT AND HORT. It is better to trust in the LORD than to put confidence in man. Ps. Uses various methods, such as emphatic idiom and special diacritical marks, to bring out nuances of the underlying Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic texts. White and others attempting to discredit the defense of the King James Bible claim that Westcott and Hort are not important because (they say) the modern versions (NASV and NIV) are not based on the Alexandrian text or on the Westcott and Hort text. Read online Bible study, search parallel bibles, cross reference verses, compare translations & post comments in bible commentaries at qBible.com. It follows the edition ofSeligman Baerexcept for the books of Exodus to Deuteronomy, which never appeared in Baers edition. When Westcott and Hort did their work, they found very little change had occurred to scriptures over the centuries. They feel comfortable with the fact that the TR is derived from from manuscroipts derived from the stream of texts that comprise the Majority Text. Greenlee writes, The fallacy in this argument was that the antiquity of a Syrian (i.e., Byzantine) reading could be shown only when the Byzantine text was supported by one of the pre-Byzantine texts, which proved nothing in favor of the Byzantine, since WH maintained that Syrian readings were largely derived from the pre-Syrian texts. (Textual scholars use the abbreviation "WH".) http://newlife.id.au/church-history/7-things-about-the-king-james-bible/, http://kingjamesbibletranslators.org/bios/. The New Testament in the Original Greek is a Greek-language version of the New Testament published in 1881. The Western Peshitto is virtually the same as the Eastern Peshitta, besides the addition of 2Peter, 2John, 3John, Jude and Revelation. B. F. Westcott wrote, A corrupted Bible is a sign of a corrupt church, a Bible mutilated or imperfect, a sign of a church not yet raised to complete perfection of the truth. (The Bible in the Church, 1864, 1875) The reader can determine for himself or herself if it is mere coincidence that as the church grew corrupt, the most corrupt manuscript of all grew right along with it for a thousand years. Fourth, both were written on extremely expensive and durable calfskin. The men produced The New Testament in the Original Greek in 1881, advancing the belief that centuries of translation work did extremely little to change the Bible. Brooke Westcott and Fenton Hort were 19th-century theologians and Bible scholars. Westcott and Hort began their work in 1853 and finished it in 1881, working for twenty-eight years independently of each other, yet frequently comparing notes. These men were hereticks. Hort called the Textus Receptus vile and villainous (Life and Letters of Fenton John Anthony Hort, Vol. This Bible version is now Public Domain due to copyright expiration. Drs. Jehovahs Witness Discussion Techniques: How to Meet Them. Plus Calvin wasnt involved in Bible translation work that is significant for today. Help us continue equipping churches today! They passed by the Traditional Text (Textus Receptus) which was the text upon which the King James Version is based. There are many early byzantine readings as you would expect since it is the original text. Which Bible do you think is more reliable? [7] This edition is based on the critical works especially of Tischendorf and Tregelles. . KJVO fundamentalists wont question John Calvins salvation Textual criticism is flawed because mans judgment is by nature flawed with bias. They follow the type of text found in the Vaticanus and Sinaiticus, which the Reformation era Greek editors believed was a doctrinally corrupt text that was modified during the theological battles occurring in the two centuries after the apostles. - To hold to varying forms of King James Only or Textus Receptus Only has caused great harm to the Christian Church; it confuses people. An exception is the text edited by Hermann von Soden. Masoretic Text, Erasmus third NT edition (1522), Martin Luthers 1522 German Bible. Thus THE TEXT, BUILT UP ON THE WORK OF THE 19TH CENTURY, HAS REMAINED AS A WHOLE UNCHANGED, particularly since the research of recent years has not yet led to the establishment of a generally acknowledged N.T. The fact is that the Westcott-Hort text represents the first widely-accepted departure from the Received Text in the post-Reformation era, and the modern English versions descend directly from the W-H text. Riplinger links the spiritualist teachings of Westcott and Hort to the occult teachings of Madame Helena P. Blavatsky who wrote the Lucifer magazine. It pays his bills and buys his books!! Westcott & Hort were the dominant forces on the Revision Committee. Instead of simply translating what the majority of witnesses agree to, they translate from their own fancy, the false witness of the five. Further, if we cannot demonstrate the Trinity without this one verse we need to learn to be better Bible students. Masoretic Text, Nestle-Aland/United Bible Society Greek New Testament, New International Version (simplified syntax, but loss of conjunctions obscures meanings), New International Version Inclusive Language Edition. However, we will address what amounts to their main arguments. . (Riplinger, New Age Bible Versions, p.407). . Isnt it better to trust that God preserved His Word in the 5000+ witnesses rather than the five witnesses who do not agree with each other? But in truth, the majority of anything does not automatically mean that it is the best or even correct. The maxims which they enunciated on questions of the text are of such importance. (Souter 1913, 118) They took all imaginable factors into consideration in laboring to resolve the difficulties that conflicting texts presented, and when two readings had equal weight, they indicated that in their text. Likewise we dare never put confidence in man. (No available presumptions whatever as to text can be obtained from number alone, that is, from number not as yet interpreted by descent.) (2.44). They sought out contact with the spiritual world (talking with the dead, etc.). King James Only Resource, EDWARD D. ANDREWS (AS in Criminal Justice, BS in Religion, MA in Biblical Studies, and MDiv in Theology) is CEO and President of Christian Publishing House. To ignore these developments is to switch off our brains; now, we dont want to do that do we? Textus Receptus. To start with a doctrine and then correct or prefer a Bible translation because of it is, frankly, the wrong way around!! serve us and God well in what they provide. As was stated earlier, Lucian produced the Syrian text, renamed the Byzantine text. The result of it all is a methodological quagmire where objective controls on the conclusions of critics are nearly nonexistent. Hort did not believe in the complete blood atonement of Christ for the forgiveness of sins, calling such doctrine heresy. - Receive these reports by email In short, the Westcott and Hort theory states that the Bible is to be treated as any other book would be. The Scriptures are not to be privately interpreted. To use the KJV as a baseline so that anything different to it is changing the word of God. The consensus however is they favored the Aleph and B text more than the others. Naturally so because they were Greek textual scholars. We suspect that these two manuscripts are indebted for their preservation, solely to their ascertained evil character . For information see: www.wayoflife.org/about/makeanoffering.html. Masoretic Text, the Greek New Testament of Erasmus, the Vulgate, the Luther Bible, and a 1535 bible from France. You will note it is not included in almost all modern translations. Nida (a follower of Westcott-hort) had already formally entered into a Concordat with the Vatican through the United Bible Societies back in 1966, when the UBS became the front line publishers of the Greek Text used in all protestant seminaries around the world, and it still is today. The context is from where Westcotts son discusses Westcotts short-lived involvement in the Ghostlie Guild when he was a young man still in university (seeJames Mays articleandRobert L. Sumners articlefor more information), and the entire paragraph the quote is lifted from is as follows (bold added): What happened to this Guild in the end I have not discovered. What Can We Do to Establish Faith In the Restored Text of the New Testament? These are commonly called the MINORITY TEXTS, but they are also known to many as the corrupted manuscripts. The translators said they expect new revisions of their KJV translation when more manuscripts come to light, and if there was an improved understanding of Hebrew and Greek, there should be revisions. So in modern, more reliable, translations we lose 1 John 5:7, ( not in any Greek NT manuscript before 1500) and 1 Tim 3:16, . Textual Criticism. I would venture to say that their doctrinal positions are not perfect, especially when they were younger because no one has perfect doctrinal positions. In the early years of this century Kirsopp Lake described Horts work as a failure, though a glorious one. Princeton University Press' book, The Christian Socialist Revival (1968, Peter d'A Jones) says B.F. Westcott was "a mystic" (p. 179). Westcott and Hort did what was unthinkable..they picked through five Greek texts which did not agree with each other, and came up with a new revised Greek version of the Bible. [7] Most critical editions published after Westcott and Hort share their preference of the Alexandrian text-type and therefore are similar to The New Testament in the Original Greek. 50+ premium resources (>$2,400 value!). www.wayoflife.org/about/makeanoffering.html. (Eclectic means to select or employ individual elements from a variety of sources, systems, or styles.). Bible scholar David Fuller brings us the first argument in his book, Which Bible, where he writes, Burgon regarded the good state of preservation of B (CodexVaticanus) and ALEPH (Codex Sinaiticus) in spite of their exceptional age as proof not of their goodness but of their badness. The KJV is a straight translation from the Majority text. text (Erwin Nestle and Kurt Aland, Novum Testamentum Graece, 24th edition, 1960, p. 62). MODERN TEXTUAL CRITICISM IS PSYCHOLOGICALLY ADDICTED TO WESTCOTT AND HORT. Without thinking or looking deeper into the matter, they blindly assume that every Bible is the same. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyright APOSTOLIC INFORMATION SERVICE, Modern Bible Versions, and Westcott and Hort (27-5), Beyond the Bake Sale: Cool Fundraising Ideas for Ladies Ministry (27-5), What does the Number 26 Mean in the Bible? The TR was the critical text of its day, there is no reason to think that God froze in time the text of that period. Fifth, the period of copying the Byzantine text type was c. 330 1453 C.E. Brooke Foss Westcott and John Maurice Schulhof, eds., Saint Pauls Epistle to the Ephesians: The Greek Text with Notes and Addenda, Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London; New York: The Macmillan Company, 1909), v. Brooke Foss Westcott and Arthur Westcott, eds., The Gospel according to St. John Introduction and Notes on the Authorized Version, Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London: J. Murray, 1908), v. Brooke Foss Westcott, ed., The Epistles of St. John: The Greek Text with Notes and Essays, 4th ed., Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London; New York: Macmillan, 1902), v. Brooke Foss Westcott, ed., The Epistle to the Hebrews the Greek Text with Notes and Essays, 3d ed., Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London: Macmillan, 1903). the KJV, it wasnt even the first (by a long way) of the English translations of the Bible. copyright 2013, Way of Life Literature In his excellent history of the KJV, Gordon Campbell points out that the Geneva Bible, which preceded the KJV was used long after the KJV had been published by such notaries as Lancelot Andrewes, Richard Hooker, John Whitgift, and William Laud (Bible, p. 27, Oxford University Press, 2010). They might argue, My Bible says the earliest manuscripts do not have this verse! But does this reader know of the thousands of other manuscripts which do contain this verse? GW edition: NT:Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament27th edition. Adds a new translation of the LXX to an existing translation of the NKJV in a single volume. The KJV, on the other hand, is based upon the Majority text, over 5000 witnesses agreeing. Some of those who stand out the most are from the fundamentalists of the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. '[12], The texts of Nestle-Aland, and of Bover and Merk, differ very little from the text of the Westcott-Hort. (2.22-23), The reading is less likely to be original that combines the appearance of an improvement in the sense with the absence of its reality; the scribal alteration will have an apparent excellence, while the original will have the highest real excellence. A. Hort, upon whose text the United Bible Society is based, which is the foundation for all modern-day translations of the Bible. Released into the public domain by The Work of Gods Children (nonprofit corporation). http://www.bible-researcher.com/kutilek1.html. This argument is simply the weakest and most desperate that this author has ever heard. I have never personally come across anyone that actually believes it, but some scholars do. "For the scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn. However, there is a problem, there was no Byzantine text for the first four centuries, and the Byzantine text did not become the majority of the manuscripts until the 9th century. Both delete almost the same number of names and titles of the Lord (WH--221, UBS--212). Were those translators wrong? This translation in many ways was the precursor to the modern Critical Text underlying most modern translations. Four volumes. (not fools for Christ, just fools!) Brother Cloud lives in South Asia where he has been a church planting missionary since 1979. The debate in the link below between White and Moorman shows how the King James Version Only view simply doesnt stand up and has no intellectual credibility at all. In the absence of more detailed publication information, if you need to cite it in a paper or published work, we recommend citing the website where you found it (such as BibleGateway.com); we have no additional copyright or historical data about this Bible. The word MANUSCRIPTS is used to describe these copies or parchments which still exist. Aland reports that, while NA25 text shows, for example, 2,047 differences from von Soden, 1,996 from Vogels, 1,268 from Tischendorf, 1,161 from Bover, and 770 from Merk, it contains only 558 differences from WH text.[10]. Publications. A. Hort, upon whose text the United Bible Society is based, which is the foundation for all modern-day translations of the Bible. Brooke Foss Westcott (1825-1901) and Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828-1892) have been highly controversial figures in biblical history. There are various groupings of texts, according to this thinking, and one of them is of mainly later texts after the fall of Antioch and Alexandria to Islam. However, Westcott and Hort's work was not perfect. Tyndales other Old Testament work went into the Matthews Bible (1537). A series of articles on relevant topics about the KJV and Greek text. Naturally so because they were Greek textual scholars. (1881). In Christ Jesus our Lord, Throw away the bones.. | christianhuls, Older readings, manuscripts, or groups are to be preferred. #3. There are various groupings of texts. Westcott I reject the word infallibility of Holy Scriptures overwhelmingly. Riplinger, pg 622, Hort Evangelicals seem to me perverted. But, except for three or four editors who timidly corrected some of the more blatant errors of the Textus Receptus, this debased form of the New Testament text was reprinted in edition after edition. (weak textual evidence). The climax of this restoration era goes to the immediate successors of these men, the two English Bible scholars B. F. Westcott and F. J. Modern English (GW) & Early Modern English (KJV). Has literal English meanings based on the Greek roots. "[3] They find that without orthographic differences, doubtful textual variants exist only in one sixtieth of the whole New Testament (with most of them being comparatively trivial variations), with the substantial variations forming hardly more than one thousandth of the entire text. This translation in many ways was the precursor to the modern Critical Text underlying most modern translations. SCROLL THROUGH DIFFERENT CATEGORIES BELOW. We can trust these, understand and appreciate the differences, but we would be foolish to ignore them or condemn the translators as the spawn of Satan or Lucifers dupes as I have read on occasion. We know now that the Greek of the New Testament was common or koine Greek which was the Greek of Alexander the Great, a common, or marketplace Greek. (14) Why is the earlier Byzantine text more similar to the Alexandrian text in that it differs from the later Byzantine text in roughly 3000 places? This text type is called Byzantine and most of its copies can be sourced to Constantinople. Westcott and Hort, in turn, were rationalists in their approach to the textual problem in the New Testament and employed techniques within which rationalism and every other kind of bias are free to operate. Updated September 20, 2004 (first published March 7, 2000), David Cloud, Way of Life Literature, P.O. Yes, but it was not altogether the reason it was also because he was seriously convinced that such investigations led to no good.Ray McIntyre. The New International Version (NIV) first published in 1978. claims to be based on the Nestle-Aland Greek Text, which is similar to. Masoretic Text, Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament (based on Westcott-Hort, Weiss and Tischendorf, 1862). This knowledge also informs us that the New Testament was not written generally in posh language more a sort of popular tabloid type language. I suppose I am a communist by nature. Riplinger, pg 624, Westcott our Bible as well as our Faith is a mere compromise. Riplinger, pg 625. Revision of the King James Version, but with acriticalNew Testament text: Westcott and Hort 1881 and Tregelles 1857. Even a brief comparison of passages between the NIV and KJV will yield useful information. Revision of the King James Version. Revised from the public domain JPS 1917 edition, and placed together with a revised edition of the Hebrew Roots New Testament (based on Hebrew and Aramaic sources) each with useful footnotes, and an informative preface to the whole work. BibleGateway+ is less than $5/mo. humbly submitting themselves to Christ as they do it. Textus Receptus, United Bible Society (UBS) Greek text,Nestle-Aland Text, Translated byJoseph Bryant Rotherhambased onThe New Testament in the Original GreekandChristian David Ginsburgs. I often see people pointing to Acts 8:37 and other passages as an example and pointing out how that verse is not in modern versions. Westcott and Hort state: "[It is] our belief that even among the numerous unquestionably spurious readings of the New Testament there are no signs of deliberate falsification of the text for dogmatic purposes. Now take your Bibles and look at Mark 16:9-20. Released into the public domain by Rainbow Missions, Inc. (nonprofit corporation). They have dedicated themselves to learn Hebrew, Greek and Aramaic, they have studied for decades the available manuscripts and have produced these translations as the fruit of their learning, humbly submitting themselves to Christ as they do it. The Western text-type is much older, but tends to paraphrase, so according to the critical text view also lacks dependability. He picks and chooses what belongs in the Bible and what doesnt, based upon his education, beliefs, and ideals. J.P. Hyatt, New York: Abingdon Press, 1965, p. 370).In the introduction to the 24th edition of Nestles Greek New Testament, editors Erwin Nestle and Kurt Aland make the following admission:Thus THE TEXT, BUILT UP ON THE WORK OF THE 19TH CENTURY, HAS REMAINED AS A WHOLE UNCHANGED, particularly since the research of recent years has not yet led to the establishment of a generally acknowledged N.T. The World English Bible is based on the American Standard Version of the Holy Bible first published in 1901, the Biblia Hebraica Stutgartensa Old Testament, and the Greek Majority Text New Testament. Pastor Tobin Pederson, Reformation Day, October 31, 2007. The baseline is the original Greek and Hebrew, so what we compare all versions to is the best text we can produce, notour favourite translation. (Horts letter to Westcott regarding their writing other things. What Does the Bible Really Teach About ________? In Matthew 24:35 Jesus said, Heaven and earth shall pass away but My words shall not pass away. Isaiah 40:8 says, The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the Word of our God shall stand forever. See also Is. I, p.119), There are several problems with the claim as made by Chick and Riplinger. 5 days ago, - () In many instances where I would disagree with the wording in the Nestle / UBS text in favor of a particular variant reading, I would later check with the Westcott and Hort text and realize that they had often come to the same decision. Second, a number of old Byzantine and Western manuscripts are in good condition as well, which by this argument would indicate that they are also guilty of never having been read because they were full of errors, alterations, additions and deletions, so they would have had little chance of wear and tear. Borderland. But HORT DID NOT FAIL TO REACH HIS MAJOR GOAL. Public Domain due to copyright expiration. (18281892) are mentioned regularly in relation to the Greek text of the NT. Westcott & Hort were scholars and were peer tested by many others. But if you have a NIV Bible, between verses 8 and 9 there is a line and a large space along with this caption in brackets: [The earliest manuscripts and some other ancient witnesses do not have Mark 16:9-20]. When voices started saying that the Gospel of John was a much later invention (as late as 200AD) we discovered papyrus fragment p.52 dated at probably 115AD from almost as soon as the ink was dry on the original!! Andrews is the Chief Translator of the Updated American Standard Version (UASV). Informally referred to as WH they produced the WH text of the New Testament. 1. Burgon, Miller, and Scrivener in their second argument maintained that the Byzantine text was used by the church for far more centuries, which proved its integrity, as God would never allow the church to use a corrupt text. They are not aware nor concerned that almost all the modern Bible versions of our day are built upon the Greek Text of Westcott and Hort, commonly called the Westcott-Hort text.