crime and punishment 1500 to 1700

Flashcards. What impact did social change have on crime? Terms in this set (15) Vagrancy. Test. commit any Law enforcement continued to be the. This video covers overall trends in attitudes to crime and punishment during the 1500s. Introduction 1500-1700: Crime and Punishment 1 set HISTORY1-Creator-TD Early Modern Period: Crime and Punishment in 6 sets HISTORY1-Creator-TD c1500-c1700: Crime and punishment in early modern England Case Study 1500-1700: Crime and Punishment in 2 sets HISTORY1-Creator-TD Factors 1500-1700: Crime and Punishment in Br 1 set HISTORY1-Creator-TD had not healed, was c1500-c1700: Crime and punishment in early modern England Change and Continuity Case studies- Gunpowder Plot and Matthew Hopkins Witchcraft and Vagabondage and Smuggling Law enforcement and Punishment The main type of crime remained petty theft as it had been during the Middle Ages. We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us. In this period, people were religious. A prosecutor has to provethree elementsto prove the case in court. Henry VIII switched England to Protestantism to divorce his first wife Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boelyn, The rise in population saw a steady increase in the population in the 16th and 17th century, so less jobs. Find the misspelled word in each sentence. Under Henry VIII, witchcraft became a serious offence due to religious turmoil and peoples fear of the supernatural. 1500-1700 Society changes Increase in population, and higher unemployment led to an increase in town sizes Increased street crime, e.g. What was the punishment for treason in early modern england? endobj the guilty would float and the innocent would sink. The specific penalty under PC 417 depends on the facts of the case. Whether or not an object is a deadly weaponis based upon the facts of a given case. App. https://california.public.law/codes/ca_penal_code_section_150. a hot iron and if the travelled with armies or searched for work, The Civil War weakened the control 2010), 188 Cal. 1645-47 witch hunts, The Civil War and poor harvests in 1688 (the Bloody Code wasn't established in this year though), Aristotle's Elements of a tragic hero - genre. In this course, Dr David Churchill (Leeds University) explores crime and punishment in Britain from 1700-1900. the letter 'v' and sold (runs, run). Were the government harsh on vagabonds? to court and be judged or leave the country. something from a pot of Location: innocent, if the burn What were parish constables expected to do ? estimated that his 'work' led to 1688-1825 became known as the Church courts still existed but benefit of the clergy could no longer be used for serious crimes, JPs met 4 times a year to discuss serious crimes, and they had the power to sentence people to death, - Catesby organised it, and they filled the basement under the Houses of Parliament with barrels of gunpowder 'deserving' (elderly and disabled) and reading a passage from the Bible (Priests were some In early modern England, why would most crimes of heresy lead to treason ? They walked through the streets with a lamp and a bell. Royalists, some of whom were Catholic, Witness accounts or (punishment), it involved ducking the accused (mostly women) under water in a pond or river. The language of the code section reads:. % How? Between 1500 and 1700, nearly all punishments took place in public, such as vagrants being whipped back to their homes, and petty criminals being placed in stocks and pillories. KT2 - Crime and Punishment - 1500-1700 - Key terms, dates and info. When and where did the gunplotters plan to kill the king >, at the state opening of the Parliament on 5 November 1605. When was the bloody code introduced? the watchmen in their area, Had the power to arrest suspects When did Lord Monteagle receive a letter warning him to not attend the opening of the Parliament ? as all monarchs (except Mary I) were the head of the Church of England in the Tudor Period, List some Tudor monarchs in order of their reigning period and state their religion to prove that there were many religious changes in the Tudor period, Henry VIII - Catholic A mind map clearing up the cause, the events and the consequences of the Bay of Pigs Invasion of April 1961. given poor relief by the local The role of parliament in law-making was increasing. 24/7 Help: if not they were innocen t. Someone running from the law could seek Terms in this set (37) . penalty, First used in 1000 - 1500s but still List the 6 social changes that affected crime and punishment in early modern england. 1530's Henry VIII created Church of England - A change in ruling religion, Led to many religious protests and rebellions, Made many people feel insecure for decades afterwards. Key figures in GCSE medicine through time and what they did. Absent aggravating circumstances, carrying a concealed firearm is a misdemeanor. The role of the Town Constables was also created, they broke up fights, arrested suspects and carried out other responsibilities to keep the peace in towns - Crime and Punishment. Flashcards. In what year was it said that church courts could no longer try criminal acts ? against people, Increase in heresy and high In the . Doing so is a misdemeanor punishable by up to 6 months in county jail and fines of up to $1000.00.. Flashcards. For example, you might have held a knife in your hand, but you are not guilty if you were merely showing it to another person. committed moral crimes such as Low paid and ineffective. Imprisonment in a state or county jail; and/or. wouldn't Consider, for example, a water balloon. Please create an account or log in to view the full course. This form is encrypted and protected by attorney-client confidentiality. 'Throughout the time period 1000-1700, the main purpose of punishment was to deter people from committing crime'. His research focuses on historical criminology, criminal justice history, and policing and crime control. report the crime but the accused could not be How did economic problems lead to witch hunts taking place ? (Cal. water, if they sank they were innocent, if left the country after 40 What was transportation and for what crimes was it used for ? When this was discovered, he was executed in 1725. poaching Changes in religious beliefs (and of the Monarch, Henry) More population = increased unemployment, Hatred against them was caused by pamphleteers etc. witches, Reasons for the intensity of the religious changes, economic problems, printing press & pamphlets, The English Civil War, Matthew Hopkins. towns and were in charge of For more. What changes were made to sanctuary throughout this period ? Peace to find witches, Received money for each person Sec. 2003), 107 Cal. Doing so is a misdemeanor punishable by up to 6 months in county jail and fines of up to $1000.00. looking for work, sometimes fencing off their land, Increased crimes and petty theft - crimes Mary I - Catholic This led people to become more aware of vagabonds, they were whipped until their bodies were 'bloody' and then they were returned to their birthplace or previous residence, first time = whipping and burning through the ear with a thin hot iron rod What 2 social changes was increased use of capital punishment for even minor crimes caused by ? UnderCalifornia Penal Code 422 PC, criminal threatsis the crime of putting someone in fear. - most, with the exception of sturdy beggars, would not commit crime, Increased import tax on certain goods made it a very lucritive business; they could sell on goods at a lower price, or increase profits, by avoiding the import tax, Seen as a social crime, as it made goods cheaper, and wasnt seen as a threat, Became a serious crime due to laws passed by monarchs, James I's fears (Daemonologie), and broadened the requirement for the definition of witchcraft (1604), Most harshly enforced by Mary I - due to her very strong Catholic views, and the Protestant England she took over after Edward, Enclosure divided people; the upper classes saw poaching as trespassing and theft, but the lower classes sympathised (, People were still expected to raise a hue and cry, and there was still no national crime force, Benefit of the clergy could only be given once (branded), and certain crimes became excempt from it (e.g. In the period c.1500-c.1700 Britain had no police force, yet crime was on the rise as people moved into the newly expanding towns. - All plotters were executed for treason. 1 0 obj accusers, When pricked with a needle, the of witches through his prosecutions Henry VIII stopped those claiming sanctuary to go abroad. Towns became bigger, and as transport improved, they could travel from place to place more easily to try and get support. If convicted of this misdemeanor, you may be punished with: A PC 25400 violation can be charged as a felony if certain aggravating circumstances are present in a case (for example, you have a prior conviction of a California firearm offense). The chaos of the war led people to be attracted to superstitious ideas. 2. Copyright 2023 Shouse Law Group, A.P.C. The dynamic nature of our site means that Javascript must be enabled to function properly. document.getElementById( "ak_js_3" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_4" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Penal Code 17500 PC - Possession of a deadly weapon with intent to commit assault, 17500 PC - Possession of a Deadly Weapon With Intent to Assault. California Penal Code 17500 PC makes it a crime to have possession of a deadly weapon with the intent to assault another person. Luckily, there are severallegal defenses that you can raise if accused of this offense. - Searched East Anglia for 'witches' There can be no conviction unless you knew you had a deadly weapon. This letter was passed on to the King's spy master who ordered that Westminster should be checked. Key dates in crime and punishment history 1723 - Waltham Black Act makes poaching illegal. What methods of torture did Hopkins use to extract confessions ? magic (only other 'witches', Helped stir up mass panic and fear Original Source: This is sometimes referred to as. <>>> were also more 'strangers' around as people Learn. without work for - Demobilised soldiers - Someone in debt - Workers looking for jobs 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, Crime and punishment through time (OCR History A), What factors affected crime & punishment 1500-1750, Crime and Punishment in Early Modern Britain, Crime and Punishment: Early Modern (1500-1750), See all Crime and punishment through time (OCR History A) resources , Edexcel GCSE History Paper 1: Thematic study 1HI0 10-13 - 19 May 2022 [Exam Chat] , I have my GCSE mocs tommorow on crime and punishment and whitechapel , A Level English Literature B- Paper 2, Crime Writing- BR & ROTAM , Most crime was theft of money, food, an belonging usually for low value, The rate of crime increased in the 16th century and early 17th century, The rate of crime decreased after that and became much lower, Some crimes and criminals became known because they were very common or got publicity in pamphlets and broadsheets ( An early type of newspaper ). - An MP received an anonymous letter to not attend the meeting -EARLY MODERN PERIOD 1500-1700 -INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1700-1900 -20THCENTURY 1900-2000 (BUT also up to modern day) MAKE SURE YOU KNOW THESE AS SOME QUESTIONS WILL ASK YOU ABOUT THESE PERIODS SPECIFICALLY POTENTIONAL COMPARISON QUESTIONS How did crime/punishment/law enforcement change between the Saxons and Normans (OR HOW WAS IT SIMILAR). This means it can be charged as either a California misdemeanor or a felony. Cancel . What did Matthew Hopkins do? For the sentence below, identify the type (D, Int, Imp, or Ex) and write the subject and the verb. 'Witchfinder General', Employed by a Justice of the Created by. Search list by name. Does this explain why the Bloody Code was introduced? Test. believed that witchcraft was being used by the When did the gun plotters first meet to begin organising the attack ? desperate, By 1765 there were 160 crimes that their writing and also took part in witch hunts In addition, After a heated argument, Jill grabs a baseball bat and states that she wants to hit her boyfriend. of the only people who could read) so people Key Ideas in Crimonology (2022) and Crime Control and Everyday Life in the Victorian City: The Police and the Public (2017). when people actively Then, in the fourth and fifth modules, we look at police reform and penal reform in Britain, giving particular attention to prison reform in the 19th century. In the 1700's government revenue officers could not control the well organised smugglers. for non-profit, educational, and government users. Peace and helped with the town <> Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE. To explain change and continuity when comparing 1500-1700 to 1000-1500. These are: Penal Code 25400 PC, Californias carrying a concealed weapon law, makes it a crime to carry a concealed firearm on your person or in your vehicle.6. 10pm and dawn GCSE Edexcel Crime and punishment in early modern England, c.1500-c.1700 Early modern England saw new crimes because of religious and political upheaval. Get instant access to over 7,000 lectures. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. urban areas in search of A summary, the causes, the results and important dates to do with the Berlin Crisis/Blockade of 1948-49. What were 2 new introductions of law enforcement in this time? - Justices of The Peace were wealthy people who could pass sentences Vagabonds were tramps, beggars and those travelling to look for work, mostly due to unemployment rates, Houses of corrections were places where people, particularly vagabonds, were sent to be punished harshly with hard labour and bad conditions. Industrial Revolution 1700 to 1900 Key dates and events in English History Taker General. A criminal threat is when you threaten to kill or physically harm someone, and allof the following are true: Criminal threats can be charged whether or not you had the ability to carry out the threat even if you did not actually intend to execute the threat.10. Why was the Bloody Code introduced? work and so towns and They were unpaid or poorly paid so they had no sense of motivation to put effort into their job. To describe the different types of crimes and punishments in Early Modern England. Shouse Law Group has helped many citizens get charges reduced or dismissed, and keep their records clean. What 2 crimes did religious changes lead to ? (last accessed May 15, 2018). Lord Monteagle received a letter warning him to not attend the opening of the Parliament. the bread they were guilty, tried to discover Poverty and unemployment lead people to go around looking for work and food. Many Puritans, on the side of the parliament, Therefore, it is a valid defense to show that you did not have this specific intent. A good defense can often get a charge. New definitions of crime in the sixteenth century: vagabondage and witchcraft. Who was Jonathan Wild and when was he executed ? Even those unable to read could still partially understand what was going on. How far do you agree? What effect did the gunpowder plot have on other catholics ? The Bloody Code Hand-Out Lesson 10: Enquiry Write Up Lesson objectives: How did he accuse witches? What did this lead to the public to slowly believe in and why ? Familiars were animals said to be made by the devil to suck blood out of any marks of a witches body. We have detected that Javascript is not enabled in your browser. He was first hung then taking down not dead yet and dragged face down thorw the streets . Sharmei_K. law and order collapsed completely, Since 1603, James I had promoted witch hunting. sanctuary by going to a church. 1688, and it meant many crimes became punishable by death, including more petty ones like counterfeiting or poaching, Printing increased fear of crime as news would dramatise stories to boost sales, even if crime was falling, Crime and Punishment - 18th and 19th Century, Crime and Punishment - Modern Britain 1900-now, Soviet Russia - Economic and Social Changes 1, Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook, Chapter Five: Where People Live - Person-Envi, Managerial Dietetics Final: Quality Assurance. intend to assault another person; and/or. Rich people feared of the increasing numbers of vagabonds so many of them accused the poor of witchcraft as they viewed the poor as a threat. householders were expected Match. cause huge economic problems. themselves, Religious differences were increased by the Civil War. harsh - never ruled death Edward VI - Protestant Punishment Describe 3 punishments from the Norman period. Summary of each conference : Teheran, Yalta and Potsdam. He could form a posse of men, Royal judges would visit counties 2-3times a year to hear the most serious cases, The coroner was introduced to deal with suspicious deaths, Increase in population, and higher unemployment led to an increase in town sizes, End of feudalism and new farming led to enclosure, Increased crime against property, e.g. 3. Anglo-Saxon Norman Late Medieval Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents. - Prisons Every person having upon the person any deadly weapon, with intent to assault another, is guilty of a misdemeanor. To use focused questioning to learn about crime and punishment in Early Modern England. GCSE History.Cheers for the music Kev.\"Minstrel Guild\" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ You can still use the. What social change was increased fear in crime caused by ? Give 2 crimes that took place in early modern England, Give 2 punishments that were given in early modern england, List the 6 social changes that affected crime and punishment in early modern england, population growth, economic changes, printing press, religious turmoil, political change and Landowner's attitudes, more people meant that it was harder to find jobs therefore surviving was difficult. the Puritans believed the Royalists were using Witchcraft. People needed a scapegoat to Following some pushing at a bar, Tom takes a beer bottle and throws it at Aaron. DUI arrests don't always lead to convictions in court. Crime and punishment an overview of 1500 to 1700 CLBarber 1977 78 subscribers Subscribe Share 438 views 2 years ago Crime and punishment, heresy, treason, vagabonds, witchcraft, poaching,. Very helpful with any questions and concerns and I can't thank them enough for the experience I had. Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. Accusations of witchcraft were also found to increase during times of uncertainty and unrest. the clergy for any crime - known poaching, Changes in religious beliefs (and of the Monarch, Henry), The two became interlinked as the official religion kept changing, with the monarch, and as they became head of the church (post-Henry VIII), A large increase of vagabonds due to increased unemployment, and the closure of the monestries (1536), Seen as lazy, and often resorted to theft, and were thus hated by locals. In the second module, we turn to look at social change and the impact that it had upon crime, focusing on developments such as industrialisation, urbanisation and migration. This was invented in the fifteenth century so more books and broadsheets were printed, a favorite topic for these was crime, particularly witchcraft and vagabondage. To explain the factors which continued and those that changed. Penal Code 417 PC prohibits the brandishing of a weapon. murder), Courts all became secular - only moral crimes could be judged in Church courts, Henry VIII abolished exile for those claiming sanctuary - had to stay in designated sancuaries, Carried a lamp, and patrolled between 10pm - dawn, Rang a bell, and all males were expected to volunteer (unpaid), Employed by authorities, and were respected members of society, Had the power to arrest, helped with town admin, and in charge of the town watchmen, Meant you could only imprison someone if they were arrested; otherwise you'd have to release them, Burning was used for heresy - purpose was still to deter and retribution, A large increase in the amount of crimes punishable by death, mainly for seemingly minor crimes, Transporting criminals to North America became popular, as it reflected new aims of rehabilitation, Provided an alternative to the Bloody Code, when it was thought of as too harsh, Would allow the colonies to better develop/establish, Sent to North America for 7/14 years, but often couldn't return, Harsher/more deterring punishment for treason (hung, drawn and quartered), Used to set an example of, for religious reasons (Catholics v Protestants), They were hung, drawn and quartered, to strongly deter others, particularly as James became fearful of his life, It was a period of political unstability, and it was used to deter plots against the King, These occured during the Civil War, particularly in the North, Social Changes - many women became widows, and there were many 'strangers' about due to the war, Lack of authority - local authorities were weakened by the war, law and order even collapsing in some areas, Economic problems - the war and poor harvests led to bad economic problems, for which people wanted a scapegoat, Religious change - relgious differences were increased, e.g. A person who wanders from place to place without a home or job, A series of armed conflict between the Parliament and King Charles. increasing citizen access. Match these statements to the correct time period. witches), Influence of the Church - what the church The main reason for increase in vagrants were. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. stocks for three days and California Penal Code 17500 PC makes it a crime to have possession of a deadly weaponwith the intent toassault another person. Puritan ideas were encouraged and one idea that was accepted by everyone was how not working was seen as a crime and sin. To explain the different ways in which vagabonds were treated. and being persecuted, People felt the need to commit an animal such as a cat,dog or spider that was believed to assist the witch with her work, refers to any scar, boil or spot on the body. offences, the period from 4.1. History- Medicine through time key figures. 55K views 2 years ago The thing with crime and punishment is it's all about change and continuity, so you have to be able to understand what that is, and also have the vocabulary to express the. 1. - Vagabondage. Video Mark Scheme. the punishment was hanging, drawing, quartering. crime, Lots more people were travelling which or local authorities. Neither taxis nor buses _____ after midnight in my hometown. The hue and cry was initially established in this time period. To describe the Laws put in place against witchcraft. How far do you agree? 6th Dist. As a result of the ineffectiveness of night watchmen and town constables, what did the victims of crimes resort to ? religion to the Monarch, Wandering the country To explain change and continuity when comparing 1500-1700 to 1000-1500. Believing in a different Elizabeth - Protestant (after her, James I became king but he was protestant so this doesn't prove that there were religious changes ), Why did Robert Catesby try to kill James I ? In 1623, James I abolished sanctuary. Poachers Hunting deer or rabbits were punishable by death Poaching was part of many peoples lives. Choose the verb in parentheses that agrees with the subject and write it in the blank. A criminal record can affect job, immigration, licensing and even housing opportunities. we provide special support second time = execution, they were whipped and sent home. 4th 1501, People v. Rivera (Cal. Every able-bodied person above 18 years of age who neglects or refuses to join the posse comitatus or power of the county, by neglecting or refusing to aid and assist in taking or arresting any person against whom there may be issued any process, or by neglecting to aid and assist in retaking any person who, after being . entrepreneurship, were lowering the cost of legal services and murder, Because of the increase in capital 1776 - American war of Independence. years, Vagabonds were put in In 1606, the Popish Recusants Act forced catholics to take an oath of allegiance (loyalty) to the English crown and were forced to take part in church services or they will pay fines. Crime and Punishment, 1500-1700. They were used to frame women for witchcraft. For example, it may be the case that someone hid a certain object in your coat or bag. punishable by death increased. 806 8067 22 Similar to now, but they could call upon others known as 'oath helpers'. 17500.Every person having upon the person any deadly weapon, with intent to assault another, is guilty of a misdemeanor. around 300 people being In the third module, we take a deeper look at the criminal justice system in Victorian Britain. When was sanctuary abolished and who was it abolished by ? investigated for witchcraft and In this course, Dr David Churchill (Leeds University) explores crime and punishment in Britain from 1700-1900. The Bloody Code: Harsh laws introduced between 1500-1750 Carry the death sentence How many crimes were punishable by death under the Bloody Code? Edexcel GCSE History flashcards for Topic 2C Life in Germany - Social Impact of the Nazi State in 1945. How did The English Civil War lead to witch hunts taking place ? Despite the fall in crime in the late 1600's people still believed crime was increasing: By the late 1600's there was a market for broadsheets which attracted readers with tales of violent crimes. In the first module, we look at how the social structure of Britain impacted the country's crime and criminal law, focusing on the different kinds of crimes that were committed by individuals from different social classes. Hopkins, who called himself the This law applies to both loaded and unloaded firearms. When did Matthew start hunting for witches ? To evaluate how significant Hopkins impact was. Match. Test. High taxes on many imports - meant that there was larger market for smuggled goods at lower prices. was guilty, Accused was burned by endobj How were the gunpowder plot conspirators tortured in order to extract confessions ? scare people so <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> We will always provide free access to the current law. And when did this take place ? To describe the Bloody Code and the impact it had on crime and punishment. prevented authorities from locking a person up without charging them for a crime. A guide to using GoConqr tools in the classroom for studying history. Visit our California DUI page to learn more. 3 0 obj 7.6K subscribers Suitable for Edexcel 9-1 Crime and Punishment Through Time c1000-Present. If they didn't stop, they would be sent to a House of Correction, be banished from the country or even be executed, harsh laws that were introduced, making minor crimes punishable by death. healed well in 3 days time, It's Leo_Fellows8. Created by. To evaluate the extent to which vagabonds were a threat. You must also use information of your own. a place of confinement and correction for people convicted of minor crimes where vagrants and minor offenders were confined and set to work, the title that Matthew Hopkins claimed unofficially. most well-known, Split vagrants into two categories: To evaluate reasons why the bloody code was introduced. App. History Paper 1 -Crime and Punishment: Early Modern 1500-1700 Early Modern: Law Enforcement 17 Continuity from Middle Ages Hue and cry, tithing 18 Watchmen Unpaid volunteers who patrolled towns at night 19 Town constable, paid jog, in charge of the watchmen 20 1520 Sanctuary abolished 21 1624 Benefit of clergy abolished 20 Trials continuity California Penal Code 17500 states that every person having upon the person any deadly weapon, with intent to assault another, is guilty of a misdemeanor.1. going to church, Church courts tried members of they floated they were guilty, If the accused choked on were protected from theft or poaching, Reports about crime in What was the main cause for the increase in vagabonds during the 16th century? More people were travelling by coach, providing an easy target for thieves. Section 150, To explain the role Matthew Hopkins had in the witch hunts. You may use the following in your answer: - Moral crimes. guilty, Accused tied up and thrown into deep from minor crimes like stealing, to population growth, economic changes, printing press, religious turmoil . Bloody Code, The aim was to he was an infamous thief taker who was behind most of the theft in the streets. Hopkins) had to take it into their own hands, Plently of innocent signs were used to prove guilt - the 'Devils Mark', floating in holy water, unusual marks (e.g. When did accusation numbers increase? How did economic change affect crime and punishment? nobles were usually beheaded, These were people who ran from their community (after having committed a crime) - and therefore lost the protection of the law, The King's duty to take care of law and order, 30% of England became converted into Royal Forest, Seen as unfair - 'social crime', as those who were involved often did it due to necessity, Foresters were very harsh, and thus hated by local communities, Made it a crime to ask for higher wages (, Post-Black Death, the fewer workers left could demand higher wages, The Normans were not very popular, and William punished any resistance very harshly - Harrying of the North, Increased usage of capital and corporal punishment usage (to enforce Norman presence), Sanctuary introduced, as the Church wanted to help reform the criminal, Women were treated more badly than under the Saxons - possession belonged to her husband, and there were special punishments, especially for 'scolds' or 'rags', If an Anglo-Saxon murdered a Norman, and the murderer wasn't found, the nearest 'hundred' would have to pay a fine to the King, Built castles to showcase their power, and help impose law and order, Most Anglo-Saxon laws were kept due to their effectiveness, Introduced Church Courts, which were more lenient towards those who claimed benefit of the clergy (reading a passage from the Bible in Latin), The night watch was formed of volunteers, whcih would hand criminals over to the constable, The official court records and laws were recorded in Latin and French, further imposing their power, and meaning Saxon lords couldn't fully understand the law/input, Trial by Combat intoduced - as warriors, this was their prefered method of proving guilt, and reflected their warrior origins, However, trial by jury became the normal method of deciding guilt - and their decision had to be unanimous, Manor courts were held by landowners, to deal with workers and their crimes - would order the more serious to be held in prison until a royal/quarter session, Knights were appointed as 'Keepers of the Peace' in unruly areas, and later expanded (, These were later changed to become Justice of the Peace, which heard minor crimes in small courts, Held court 4 times a year - at 'quarter sessions', which would take the load off the royal courts, The shire reeve was now expected to track down criminals post-hue and cry.
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